J. M. Gregory.
A new method for diagnosing radiative forcing and climate sensitivity.
Geophysical Research Letters, 2004.
doi:10.1029/2003gl018747.
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Cmip5
Calculate ECS for all available CMIP5 models.
Cmip5: Ecs
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model ACCESS1-0 (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model ACCESS1-3 (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model BNU-ESM (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CCSM4 (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 140 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CNRM-CM5-2 (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CNRM-CM5 (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CSIRO-Mk3-6-0 (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CanESM2 (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model FGOALS-g2 (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model GFDL-CM3 (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model GFDL-ESM2G (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model GFDL-ESM2M (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model GISS-E2-H (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model GISS-E2-R (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model HadGEM2-ES (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 140 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model IPSL-CM5A-MR (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model IPSL-CM5B-LR (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model MIROC-ESM (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model MIROC5 (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model MPI-ESM-LR (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model MPI-ESM-MR (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model MPI-ESM-P (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model MRI-CGCM3 (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model NorESM1-M (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model bcc-csm1-1-m (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model bcc-csm1-1 (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model inmcm4 (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model ACCESS1-0 (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model ACCESS1-3 (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model BNU-ESM (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CCSM4 (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 140 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CNRM-CM5-2 (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CNRM-CM5 (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CSIRO-Mk3-6-0 (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CanESM2 (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model FGOALS-g2 (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model GFDL-CM3 (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model GFDL-ESM2G (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model GFDL-ESM2M (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model GISS-E2-H (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model GISS-E2-R (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model HadGEM2-ES (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 140 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model IPSL-CM5A-MR (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model IPSL-CM5B-LR (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model MIROC-ESM (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model MIROC5 (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model MPI-ESM-LR (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model MPI-ESM-MR (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model MPI-ESM-P (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model MRI-CGCM3 (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model NorESM1-M (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model bcc-csm1-1-m (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model bcc-csm1-1 (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model inmcm4 (ensemble member r1i1p1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model ACCESS-CM2 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model ACCESS-ESM1-5 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model AWI-CM-1-1-MR (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model BCC-CSM2-MR (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model BCC-ESM1 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CAMS-CSM1-0 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CESM2-FV2 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CESM2-WACCM-FV2 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CESM2-WACCM (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CESM2 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CMCC-CM2-SR5 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CNRM-CM6-1-HR (ensemble member r1i1p1f2). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CNRM-CM6-1 (ensemble member r1i1p1f2). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CNRM-ESM2-1 (ensemble member r1i1p1f2). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CanESM5 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model E3SM-1-0 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model EC-Earth3-Veg (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model FGOALS-f3-L (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model FGOALS-g3 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model GISS-E2-1-G (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model GISS-E2-1-H (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model HadGEM3-GC31-LL (ensemble member r1i1p1f3). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model HadGEM3-GC31-MM (ensemble member r1i1p1f3). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model INM-CM4-8 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model INM-CM5-0 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model IPSL-CM6A-LR (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model KACE-1-0-G (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model MCM-UA-1-0 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model MIROC-ES2L (ensemble member r1i1p1f2). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model MIROC6 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model MPI-ESM-1-2-HAM (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model MPI-ESM1-2-HR (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model MPI-ESM1-2-LR (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model MRI-ESM2-0 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model NESM3 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model NorCPM1 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model NorESM2-MM (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model SAM0-UNICON (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model TaiESM1 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2.
Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model ACCESS-CM2 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model ACCESS-ESM1-5 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model AWI-CM-1-1-MR (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model BCC-CSM2-MR (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model BCC-ESM1 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CAMS-CSM1-0 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CESM2-FV2 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CESM2-WACCM-FV2 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CESM2-WACCM (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CESM2 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CMCC-CM2-SR5 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CNRM-CM6-1-HR (ensemble member r1i1p1f2). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CNRM-CM6-1 (ensemble member r1i1p1f2). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CNRM-ESM2-1 (ensemble member r1i1p1f2). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model CanESM5 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model E3SM-1-0 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model EC-Earth3-Veg (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model FGOALS-f3-L (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model FGOALS-g3 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model GISS-E2-1-G (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model GISS-E2-1-H (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model HadGEM3-GC31-LL (ensemble member r1i1p1f3). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model HadGEM3-GC31-MM (ensemble member r1i1p1f3). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model INM-CM4-8 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model INM-CM5-0 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model IPSL-CM6A-LR (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model KACE-1-0-G (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model MCM-UA-1-0 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model MIROC-ES2L (ensemble member r1i1p1f2). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model MIROC6 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model MPI-ESM-1-2-HAM (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model MPI-ESM1-2-HR (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model MPI-ESM1-2-LR (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model MRI-ESM2-0 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model NESM3 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model NorCPM1 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model NorESM2-MM (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model SAM0-UNICON (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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Global annual mean top of the atmosphere (TOA) net radiation flux anomaly N vs. global annual mean near-surface air temperature anomaly ΔT for 150 years (blue circles) of the abrupt 4x CO2 experiment for model TaiESM1 (ensemble member r1i1p1f1). Anomalies are calculated relative to a pre-industrial control simulation of the same model. The solid black line corresponds to an ordinary linear regression between N and ΔT. On the top left, R2 corresponds to the coefficient of determination of the linear regression. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated as the x-intercept of the linear regression (interception of the solid and dashed black lines) divided by 2. |
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